Spectroscopy,metals analysis

Spectroscopy

Spectrographic metals analysis is usually the 'heart' of most oil analysis programs.  Using either a Rotrode Emission Spectrometer or an Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (ICP), 20 or more metals can be simultaneously determined.  The metals analyzed for include wear, additive, and contaminant metals and are reported in parts per million (ppm). 

Laboratories uses a Rotating Disk Emission Spectrometer. The instrument is quick and easy to operate and is accurate within acceptable limits.

The Rotrode Spectrometer has a particle size detection limitation of between 3µ and 10µ (depending on the particular metal in question and the amount of surface oxidation on the particle surface) compared to the .5µ - 2µ limitation of the ICP.  Results of the Rotrode Spectrometer are accurate to about 1 or 2 ppm. 
 Results of the ICP are accurate to .1 ppm.  The advantage of the Rotrode Spectrometer is that no dilution of the sample is required, while the advantage of the ICP is its accuracy.  With proper sample preparation, an ICP can measure in the 10's of parts per billion (ppb).  

Particle size limitations of an ICP are even more sever than a Rotrode Spectrometer because the sample and particles have to be nebulized.  If measuring very low concentrations, the diluent (usually diesel fuel) has to be at least as clean. 

Corrosion Microcell

EOOW MCA ORAL EXAM DEMO

Wärtsilä Low-Speed Dual-Fuel Engines (+playlist)

Hot lay-up, Cold lay-up

Hot lay-up
Hot lay-up condition, the machinery is kept in operation for the sake of fast re-commissioning, but measures
may be taken to reduce various operational costs.

Cold lay-up
In cold lay-up condition the machinery is taken out of service and the vessel is kept “electrically dead” with the
exception of emergency power.

Single Phasing of a Motor?

Single Phasing of a Motor?

Single Phasing is where one of the 3-phase's supplying the Motor becomes disconnected.  The Motor will continue to run if this happens and can result in Motor Burnout.  The effect of Single Phasing is to increase the Current in the two remaining Lines and cause the Motor to become very noisy due to uneven Torque produced

How is 15ppm reached in an Oily Water Separator?

How is 15ppm reached in an Oily Water Separator?

15ppm is achieved in an Oily Water Separator by normally passing through a Two Stage Separator where in the first stage Oil/Water is passed into the coarse separating compartment. Here some oil will rise to the top of the Compartment due to its lower density, Heating Coils may aid this. 

  The remaining Oil/Water will flow down into the Fine separating Compartment and moves slowly between Catch Plates.  More Oil will separate out onto the underside of these Plates and travel outwards until free to rise to the oil collecting space. 

  The almost Oil Free Water (usually being at 100ppm at this stage) will then pass to the second stage of the separator, which is a Filter Unit comprising of two Filter Units.  

The first Filter Stage removes Physical Impurities present and promotes some Fine Separation. 

  The second Stage Filter uses Coalescer Inserts to achieve the fina, Oil/Water Mixture leaving this Stage at less than 15ppm.